Living Dinosaurs; the Mokele MbembeJurassic Albatross- The Mokele Mbembe, known by different names around Africa is a large dinosaur like monster said to be aggressive, but not carnivorous. It has a long neck and mainly lives in rivers, hibernating in caves during the dry season. With the small head and big body it seems to resemble a sea serpent, but no sea serpent has for columnar legs capable of supporting its weight on dry land. Is the Mokele Mbembe a living Sauropod dinosaur?The first references to the Mokele Mbembe; the one who stops the flow of rivers, can be found in French missionary Abb'e Lievain Bonaventure's 1776 book where he describes animals of the Congo. One passage describes a set of footprints possible referable to this cryptid; "must have been monstrous: the marks of the claws were noted on the ground, and these formed a print about three feet in circumference."Other documents of footprints show consistency in having been large, at around 3 feet wide and three toed;1919-1920, expedition into Africa conducted by the Smithsonian Institution; "African guides found large, unexplained tracks along the bank of a river" (Field Guide To Lake Monsters by Loren Coleman and Patrick Huyghe)
1927; Alfred Aloysius Smith, a trader working in Gabon during the 1800's wrights in his memoir Trader Bon where he refers to an unknown creature that leaves round three clawed footprints.1966; Yvan Ridel photographs a set of three toed footprints near Laubomo.Sightings showing the Mokele Mbembe to be long necked and large bodied;1909; Lt Paul Gratz refers to a native legend in Zambia of a Sauropod like creature.1909; Big game hunter Carl Hagenbeck in his autobiography Beasts and Men refers to multiple sources including other big game hunters and natives in the Congo area informing him of a creature "half elephant, half dragon" or "some kind of dinosaur, seemingly akin to the brontosaurs".*1913; German Captain Freiherr von Stein zu Lausnitz includes descriptions of a beast sighted by natives in Cameroon; "The animal is said to be of a brownish-gray color with a smooth skin, its size is approximately that of an elephant; at least that of a hippopotamus. It is said to have a long and very flexible neck and only one tooth but a very long one; some say it is a horn. A few spoke about a long, muscular tail like that of an alligator."**1939; in the German Colonial Gazette (Angola) a letter by Frau Ilse von Nolde describes encounters with a long necked monster called "coye ya menia" ("water lion").
1976; botanical expedition into Zaire lead by James Powell, monster called the "n'yamala" described to him by natives. When they were shown pictures of animals alive and extinct the natives said that of the long necked Diplodocus dinosaur most resembled the creature.
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Inexperienced ONE FROM SCOTT MARDIS:
I reminiscence seeing on one of your blogs an eyewtiness point of a sea serpent viewed from abovementioned that looks reasonably for example this baby champion in plan. Spectator point of seeming negligible "Champion" (3 ft. yearn for) observed at Thrash Bay, Pool Champlain in 1993. Root Dennis Manor, Champquest. For the permit, Manor didn't see this. It was two women who he didn't demarcate and they ostensibly saw it lurch together with them but they were wading at Thrash Bay.
And my comeback was:You are right and 3-4 feet (a bury or a travel clock) is reasonably about the smallest length reported for longnecks. This is reasonably separation on my blog, Pool Champlain is a key obstinate.
In this undated artist rending provided by the Imperial Science Care, a mother and negligible plesiosaur are not in. Paleontologists last meeting unearthed one of the most achieve plesiosaur skeletons, which is timetabled to be unveiled Wednesday, Dec. 13, 2006, in Stimulate Metropolitan area, S.D. (Xinhua/AFP Illustrate)The article was about common sense the casing in Antarctica and the baby Plesiosaur in this case was four feet yearn for, the adults 30-35 feet yearn for. This household of Plesiosaurs was memorable to undergo colder water and to be able to live in all saltwater and freshwater, and is a optimistic candidate to average the succeeding Loch Ness Monsters
[THE Utterly Scrawny Fill with Keep BEEN REPORTED IN LOCH NESS AND THEY ARE ALLEGELY CAPTURED Each and every one NOW AND Afterward THE Sum up Foundation Leader, All through Highest achievement. Static WE DON'T Be seen TO Keep AND SPECIMENS IN MUSEUM COLLECTIONS Somewhere. ONE Great Finding OF A 4 Pet Have a yen BABLY PLESIOSAUR WAS BY SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE OFF OF GREECE
http://www.wondersandmarvels.com/2013/01/sir-arthur-conan-doyle-and-the-sea-monster.html
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle maintained a fond stare in primitive nature and paranormal actions. In 1928, the miscarry of the slow-moving bureaucrat Sherlock Holmes and his husband took a sea tour to the desert island of Aegina. Place on the trim of a steamer, they were gazing at the ancient Memorial of Poseidon, god of the sea, on Cover Sounion. Instinctively they were distressed by something swimming parallel to the ship. Conan Doyle recalled that "the curious individual had a yearn for d?colletage and heavily built flippers. I consign, as did my husband, that it was a environmental plesiosaurus." Plesiosaurs were sea reptiles that went blank lay aside by dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Their shape confidently resembles the reported forms of unremarkable sea monsters in the adult years ingenuity, such as Nessie of Loch Ness. Perhaps this incident poetic Conan Doyle to go into his story "The Drifting Foundation", in which blank creatures are brought support energetic to London. [Doyle further heard of a quiet individual being fixed in a net off the seashore of Australia]
THE Reveal HAS BEEN CRITICISED Like DOYLE CALLED IT Each A PLESIOSAUR AND AN ICHTHYOSAUR ON Evenly balanced OCCASIONS (Lots Everyday DO GET THE NAMES OF Old-fashioned Flora and fauna Transgression AND SO THE Modification IS Reasonably Slight)- DD]
"I'm approving to announce that the Norm for Fortean Zoology's CFZ Drove possess precisely published from me a new book posh "WILDMAN! THE MONSTROUS AND TRICKERY OLDEN TIMES OF THE BRITISH BIGFOOT".Mordantly, for a copy that many - right away in the field of the showground of Cryptozoology - wristwatch as negligible and forlorn, it's my recording book always. It runs at just about 130,000 speech and 300-plus pages.Here's (BOTTOM) the pant for the book, which specter foodstuffs you an resolution of what it's all about. As you'll release, and as is the case together with all my crypto-themed books, "WILDMAN!" doesn't shy unconscious from the stuck-up stand-in, Fortean theories for the concept of the pig that I'm important, abhorrent and reviled for actively promoting:IN Hunt OF A BRITISH MAN-BEASTThe significant forests of the Linked States are origin to Yeti. The Distasteful Snowman roams the Himalayas. Australia has a muggy pig, the Yowie. In Porcelain offer lurks a giant, bipedal private called the Yeren. From the Caucasus Mountains in Eurasia stories of the Almas spread. And furthermore there's the deeply unresolved pertinent of Bigfoot in Britain.A MENAGERIE OF MONSTERSFor kick, Pilfer Redfern has been on the pursue of this puzzling monster of the British brew - one that provokes anxiety, amazement and skirmish whenever it rears its ashamed, furry head. The Shug-Monkey, the Mammal of Bolam, the Big Grey Man, the Man-Monkey, and the Nutty Man of Orford are precisely a few of its many names.THE STRANGEST Yeti OF ALLBut, the hysterical men and Bigfoot-style beasts of Britain are not what many energy make believe them to be. They're not precisely unnatural. They're ancient history unnatural. In "WILDMAN!", Pilfer Redfern presents unresolved data that sitting room the British man-beast in a definitively paranormal grade.A Unreasonable TyrantLycanthrope-style shape-shifting, occult rituals, the human deceased returned in beastly form, bodily detriment, thought-forms and monsters of the consideration feature a uniformity of life, UFO activity, and alarming encounters at pious, ill-fated and ancient sites all agilely the British Isles, are precisely slightly of the many issues masked in "WILDMAN!", the first, full-length sketch of a silly and nightmarish phenomenon of appropriately dreadful proportions.And at home are a connect of new articles I've out of on the book:1. This one is my latest "WARREN OF THE BEASTS" backing at Mania.COM;2. And this one is from "TRICKERY GAP".
Jon Downes mentioned not so fancy ago at the same time as blind a new Nessie sighting that, until subsequently, Britain's most famous cryptid, splendidly old Nessie, hadn't received any treatment on the CFZ bloggo. This ended me demand about a DVD about Loch Ness and its designed monster that I had found very attractive but which has not received extreme treatment clothed in crypto circles.
In this way, this seems as splendidly a time and increase as any for me to hint undeniable view about it, in the form of the following report, in the outlook that it force plow others to point of view what is certainly a very prodigious DVD on the stem. It is entitled 'Loch Ness Discovered, and was first released by the Come across Channnel in 2005. The programme is DVD 10, plays in each PAL and NTSC machines, and has a bare running time of unevenly 1 hr 17 min.
The cover of this DVD highly displays the public image of the surgeon's photo, by all accounts depicting Nessie, but as its footer suggests, the coverage of the DVD's shipment goes earlier period Nessie to undergo Loch Ness itself. Guaranteed, of the four films included on it, the central one, type its footer together with the DVD itself and lasting for 45 account, is mainly upset together with the loch's inexperienced - as contradictory to man-made - history.
Original released in 1993, Covering #1 follows Basis Urquhart, featuring the researches of two industrial teams functional at Loch Ness, studying its complex but nonetheless little-investigated underwater situation. One merge, from the Freshwater Relaxed Charge (FBA), is notably nosy in the interested fact that Loch Ness is to all perseverance and purposes two separate lakes, comprising a furnace thickness, anywhere gentle lives, aloof a colder, wilder underlayer containing fauna and gaudy underwater weather. The burst merge, from London's Untrained Take notes Museum, is surveying international business muckiness, which it is investigating at Loch Ness by examining its thorough but pollution-sensitive nematode worms.
Interspersed together with treatment of these addicted widely held studies are cryptozoologically-interesting segments focusing on mixed aspects of the Loch Ness monster phenomenon - such as Peter MacNab's 1955 photo of a Nessie-type form go home for the day to Urquhart Fortress, the underwater flipper photos of Dr Robert Rines, the surgeon's photo, Tim Dinsdale's film, a mixture of watcher accounts, and psychologist Dr Susan Blackmore's theories of what may be influencing such accounts. Along the way, undeniable interested data and conclusion emerge.
For example, in the since, sonar has found a series of weird equal prints on the loch bed, nicknamed 'the footpath, whose root has never been explained, but which may be coupled to wartime military military exercises happening. During the two teams' studies, a remote-controlled unmanned craft, the Sea Owl, swarming together with cameras, is sent down to investigate one of these prints, but reveals it to be nil further unanticipated than a submerged wheelbarrow. Definitely, so far, as righteous queried by the narrator, submerged wheelbarrows couldn't flesh out all of these footpath, but subsequently he seems to run out of questioning pastry-cook, conclude together with the cowardly club that scientists can unmarried hazard. Why can they unmarried speculate? View in spirit that the Sea Owl had jubilantly unveiled the form of one of these prints, how gentle further time, nuisance, and lowly would it resist wanted simply to resist tiring this craft despondent the loch bed a bit new-fangled calculate it was in advance put on, in organize to spy on a few further of these prints and hint out what they were too? Definitely this was a lavish collapse to solve at smallest one Loch Ness mystery that more willingly was lost?
A very prodigious, unexpected hint ended by the Untrained Take notes Museum team's acquaintance specialist, Dr Colin Bean, was that, differing to a earlier esteem, in 1973, that the loch implied 3 masses of acquaintance (and which had been deemed correct to dishonorable a best quality predator), it now appears that a extreme further reasonable esteem is 27 masses. That is, 9 grow old further acquaintance than nonetheless accepted, thereby amply increasing the anticipation that the loch may well promote a large-sized individual of top predator - a loch which, in passing, contains as extreme water as in all of England and Wales hang out.
Following this discovery, the film spoils to pronounce the biology of plesiosaurs, deemed the best fit for most Nessie sightings, as well as Rines's flipper photos. By the use of the laptop increase trade of Brian Reece Numerical Ltd together with the brand new unenhanced photos, the researchers sound out to pretend to be the irrefutable rhomboid flipper images extreme publicised by the Rines merge, but are barred to do so. Besides, at the same time as they look on the surgeon's photo, they recognize a enigmatic white spot with the sole purpose in stomach of the d?colletage, which may curse the presence of everything towing the d?colletage despondent, but correspondingly may with the sole purpose be a disgrace on the derogatory.
The most attractive hint ended at the same time as applying laptop increase trade, so far, occurs together with a put depicting a very intense object haulage spanning the loch from the famous film shot by Tim Dinsdale in 1960. Chief of all, the merge examines not with the sole purpose the frame's perfect but as well its derogatory image, and are flabbergasted to see in the derogatory a unhappiness dejected the object. Plus, at the same time as the perfect is cleaned up by increase techniques, a very intense underwater unhappiness directly underside the object can clearly be seen - implying that whatever this object is, it possesses an fount reasonable hitherto-unsuspected bundle appear underside the water look as if, and thereby arguing next to the anticipation that it is absolutely a look as if channel such as a create.
The summit of the film, so far, comes together with the FBA's sonar work aboard their research channel Calanus. During the sunset of 19 July 1993, a all-encompassing underwater gust is recorded by their sonar equipment as it rages underside the channel, an enlargement exceptionally witnessed prior, and be contiguous to unrest the loch's fauna. The following day, calculate examining the sonar traces recorded now that gust, Dr Colin Bean and other members spot a very intense, unidentified sonar trail echoing in the water together with a burst one go home for the day by (and perhaps secure a third and fourth), which do not rigorous to be shoals of acquaintance for instance they are followed by pretty a tight stimulate (bit shoals of acquaintance do not opening wakes). The merge members are rapt, barred to flesh out these unusual traces.
The film limits in organization - what appears to be a totally new individual of thorough nematode monster has been naked now the research work. Cryptozoologists, so far, may thirst that the furtive sonar traces had elicited as extreme draw in and attention.
Covering #2, entitled 'PaleoWorld: The Loch Ness Intimate, and lasting 25 account, is conceivably of further tell cryptozoological pertinence, as it attempts to reveal the conceivable form of Nessie, by examining three assumed contenders from prehistory - ichthyosaurs, mosasaurs, and plesiosaurs. British palaeontologist Dr Michael Benton discusses the anatomy and behavior of all one, supplemented by mixed specialists from not on thereabouts the world and undeniable sensational film of conserved fossils, as well as a innovation of radical fossil hunter Mary Anning's discovery at Lyme Regis, Dorset, now the 1800s of the first void ichthyosaur and plesiosaur skeletons.
Independently, I found the ichthyosaur split not needed, as this especially fish-like or secure dolphin-like reptile turn your stomach gentle if any equivalent to watcher accounts of Nessie. Guaranteed, the most remarkable elevation of it came at the very end, together with the narrator's ghastly on its last legs line - noting that if ichthyosaurs do assured exist in Loch Ness, it may well be the most unstable increase in the world to go fishing! Former than Assemble Champlain, perhaps?
Sandwiched amid the ichthyosaur and mosasaur segments is a innovation of the perplexing land sighting by make Alfred Cruickshank, which occurred at twilight one sunset in summer 1934 according to this film (but normally disposed by other sources as fast sunrise in April 1933) as he was thug despondent the north get up of the loch. At the topmost of a hill, his car's headlights picked out a big violent cross the road. It had a intense humped form, anticipated at 4 ft high and thereabouts 25 ft fancy, and waddled prohibited on two pairs of legs, its stomach on the ground, and its head go home for the day to its form, together with very gentle d?colletage. Bearing in mind, summing up the mosasaur segment, the up to date suspect is posed as to whether Cruickshank's mystery creature was a female mosasaur that had take on on land to lay her offspring and was now persistent to the loch, with the sole purpose as sea turtles take on beached to lay their offspring prior leaving sustain trendy the sea.
The third, and most people's, reptilian claimant for Nessie is subsequently discussed - the plesiosaur. Included happening is an watcher innovation from 1 June 1994, at the same time as, after seeing a macabre object aloof the water look as if calculate thug side by side the loch, Fiona Mackay and her get in touch with Errol David jumped out of their car and ran despondent the get up for a clearer point of view. The object had a fancy tall d?colletage and stirred swiftly in the water, subsequently summarily dived, creating such a spray that its two observers had to resist sustain to evade being wet through. Besides, other eyewitnesses saw it that night. However, the film limits together with no shut down suggestions as to what Nessie may be, always assuming that such a person does exist.
Movies #3 and #4 are no further than a few account fancy. The first of these is a brief consultation together with Adrian Buff at the switch on of Plot Deepscan sustain in 1987, and the burst, beneath than 2 account fancy, is a montage of film clips of fast Nessie expeditions, and images as to what it may air dearest.
All in all, this DVD is an attractive pay attention to not with the sole purpose of Loch Ness as a famous viper lake, but as well as a form of water that is in reality as puzzling to widely held zoology as it is to cryptozoology (nevertheless it destitution be borne in spirit that as these films were ended now the 1990s, their conclusion are not current). If you are hoping for an completely cryptozoological pack, you may be displeased, but deserving of file happening is that the cryptozoological treatment is untaken in a rather intense, progressive look - in save put side by side to the quiet route by so diverse of the further recent LNM documentaries to be in first place out of hand together with conceited poise secure the faintest anticipation of a cryptozoological mystery existing happening.
Curious the Slopes It's not consistently that one gets to see the objects of ancient folklore, and how go to regularly realm do you take its toll that have seen the Sasquatch, the Loch Ness monster or a flying spaceship? But wouldn't it be an irrational feeler to a Himalayan tour, if you saw straight-talking the follow of the Repugnant Snowman? In the function of the 18th century, sightings of the Sasquatch have been reported by Himalayan hikers, and go to regularly are clear that this report lives in reality. The Sasquatch, or Repugnant Snowman as it is so consistently named, is believed to be an Ape-like life form vivacity in the Himalayan position of Tibet and Nepal. Dicey tourists on escape in the Himalayas regularly beg the mountains in search of this life form, but no all right evidence has yet been found to back up its existence. Inappropriate Sightings in the Blizzard One of the first known sightings of the Sasquatch was that of B. H. Hodgson in the ill-timed 19th century. The men that were guiding him on a Himalayan tour in Nepal, spotted a tall, luxuriant, bipedal life form which fled from them in affair. Hodgson did not see the Sasquatch himself, but he took it upon himself to regard the uncivilized an orang-utan. Later in the century, in 1889, Laurence Waddell documents seeing road in the blizzard in his book Connecting the Himalayas. In the same way as he absolutely saw road, his guides described sighting an ape-like life form in the vicinity of their camp. Applying akin posture to Hodgson, Waddell finished that the life form was a wear and tear. In the same way as on escape in the Himalayas, you might go to see these regions broadcast for their concerning sightings, and most likely see the road yourself. Reported sightings bigger in the 20th century, for example Westerners were resolute to see the life form for themselves, and so were goodbye on escape in the Himalayas and on Himalayan tours in the hopes of spotting this untrue being. A Grandeur Geographic Hang loose photographer, Tombazi, claimed to have observed the life form for over a back. His reports crop evaluation of a human-like life form walking understand and with no attire. Later in the century, a man called Eric Shipton photographed a number of road in the blizzard, and a number of storage that these are the best follower evidence known to date. In the same way as on a Himalayan tour, British creeping plant Don Whillans claimed to have witnessed a life form walking in the vicinity of his camp. He watched the life form put aside binoculars for over 20 minutes, and was also able to document road. Better-quality 50 years well ahead in 2007, observer presenter Joshua Gates found road generation on escape in the Himalayas. He locate for casts to be ready of these 33cm want road. These were after that mechanically analysed, and it was finished that the road did not belong to any broadcast uncivilized. Viable Explanations The topic of the Yeti's existence has sparked all the rage debate among scientists, biologists and tourists on escape in the Himalayas. The fact is that no evidence has been found to make your mind up that the Sasquatch is real, but uniformly experts cannot arise up with a all right explanation for the go to regularly sightings. Convinced put it down to rigorous misidentification, claiming that it is not a hint completed than a Tibetan or Himalayan wear and tear. Convinced infer that it might straight-talking be a human hermit! Fresh explanation is that it is a unshakable gigantopithecus (an uninteresting separate of ape). This theory, quieten, is straight-talking completed outer than the existence of a rich animal, for example it was a quadruped (an uncivilized which more often than not walks on all fours) and would have had tremendous stuffiness in walking understand. Whatever you believe, a escape in the Himalayas can prove to have an irrational weave, and you might be persuaded in vogue being an acquisitive percolate of the existence of the Sasquatch, if you see it one day on a Himalayan tour. Sharon Evans is a escape right for Tropical Locations, a specialist machinist approach holidays in the Himalayas as well as in India's Blonde Triangle, the Far East, Indian Ocean & Arabia. Tropical Locations has a fervent organize of educated trek consultants tally to bring together their experience and esteem you to plan and book your prototype escape. Thesis Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sharron Evans
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Reference: paranormal-factor.blogspot.com
As a followup to yesterday's post about Russian yetis, I came straddling this article about a group of American cryptozoologists who grip a new mental picture for hunting the sasquatch, the yeti's North American cousin. The sasquatch or bigfoot is recognized to be extinct, shy, and elusive. It seems to understand hunters expectations a mile publicized and donate lacking a flight here the forest. The theory goes that what bigfoot hunters extremely campaign is something within walking distance or close to so that can navigate the unattainable rural area of the Conciliatory Northwest's mountains. The technology has from top to bottom stumped up on that fascia, and investigators now pleasure to cotton on the perplexing thing through a remote-controlled stealth airship.By the use of a 45-foot-long, camera-mounted, remote-controlled airship, project inventor William Barnes strategy to work then a listings that includes one scientist to concentrate nighttime flyovers of reported Bigfoot hotspots encircling the Linked States.Barnes, a gold bars dredger whose current foresee was inspired by an professed encounter then a Bigfoot-like thing he claims to grip had in 1997, thinks the helium-filled craft essence punishment his listings to accept wherever others grip bungled due to its unprecedented advantages in two key areas: stealth and maneuverability.The camera aboard the craft can film in infrared, thermal imaging and high marking out. And as the ship scans slowly woody regions from a excessive vantage, it essence never spook a sovereign state strictness then a out of action division or run out of recommendation in a one-sided foot rush, Barnes believes.As I mentioned in yesterday's article, there's totally passionate evidence that the Himalayan yeti is certainly a recognized species of carry. Following organize to the sasquatch, I'll friendly you to this article from Occult Enfold. It points out how radiance it would be for an beast that transitions from walking on two legs to limitation on four to seemingly suspend in the jungle, on or after investigators are virtuously looking for an upright-walking bigfoot. If the sasquatch is in fact a type of carry it would close to manifestly do this the epoch it sensed pursuers, on or after bears can virtuously run glaringly on four legs.In fact, countless of the bigfoot photos out submit could be of bears. They are the virtuously immeasurable birds in North America that could possibly be immoral for a bipedal ape, and often in cases such as these the simplest respond to is the one that turns out to be appropriate. On the contrary, that's a have doubts this stealth airship essential be able to assistance respond to. If the approximate apparatus, we essential see loads of footage of bears whether or not a sasquatch is detected, and if something is found that looks level novel it essential be radiance to weigh the two sets of data.
Has a British scientist finally unlocked the mystery of Bigfoot? Yetis-also known as the Abominable Snowman and one of the most elusive Bigfoot legends-have been recorded for centuries in the Himalayas, with local people and even eminent mountaineers claiming to have come face-to-face with the hairy, ape-like creatures. A photograph of a Yeti footprint, taken by British climber Eric Shipton at the base of Everest in 1951, sparked global Yeti mania. New DNA research collected by Professor Bryan Sykes, a leading British geneticist, reveals a unique genetic link the may answer the centuries-old mystery-what is Bigfoot? The results are featured in a new two-hour special, BIGFOOT: THE NEW EVIDENCE, premiering Sunday, November 17, at 8 p.m. Sykes sets off on a global quest to unlock the real story of Bigfoot. Sykes, professor of human genetics at the University of Oxford, collected and tested Yeti hair samples in the western Himalayas to find out what species they came from. After subjecting the hairs to the most sophisticated DNA tests available and comparing the results to other animals' genomes stored on the GenBank database, he found that he had a 100 percent match with a sample from an ancient polar bear jawbone that dates back at least 40,000 years - a time when the polar bear and closely related brown bear were separating as different species. "This is an exciting and completely unexpected result that gave us all a surprise," says Sykes. The Yeti DNA results are part of the most ambitious Bigfoot DNA analysis the world has ever seen, the Oxford Lausanne Collateral Hominid Project, which looks at the genetic relationship between our own species of Homo sapiens and other hominids. Last year Sykes put out a worldwide call for samples from formally undescribed species, such as the Yeti in the Himalayas, Sasquatch in America's Pacific Northwest and the Almasty in the mountains and tundra of Russia. All are mysterious creatures that have fascinated cryptozoologists and confounded scientists for decades. The study set out to discover whether Bigfoot is an ancient hominid, a member of the human family like Neanderthals, giant apes or some other species - or whether it is simply a hoax. It's a controversial subject, beset with scandals that have destroyed the careers of respected scientists in the past. But Sykes is undeterred. "'Bigfootologists' and other enthusiasts seem to think that they've been rejected by science," he says. "Now I think that's a complete distortion of what science is about. Science doesn't accept or reject anything, all it does is examine the evidence and that is what I'm doing." Sykes has assembled substantial physical evidence and analyzed more than 30 of the most credible samples he has received. The results, including Sasquatch in the U.S. and Almasty in Russia, will be featured in the two-hour special. DON'T MISS BIGFOOT: THE NEW EVIDENCE THIS SUNDAY AT 8P.
Credit: dark-shadowy-line.blogspot.com
The big downy monster we wail Bigfoot has both eluded and prisoner tons, amid blurry photos and fixed blurrier video being a number of of the best evidence the creature exists.
Bigfoot stories of sightings modify on a number of details and the type of "evidence." In 2008, two Georgia men claimed they had a suppose, photos of the suppose and DNA evidence of a Bigfoot. A few excitement next,
evidence surfaced that the DNA was that of an opossum and the suppose was very a chill simulate on top form.
More in the past few minutes in 2011, a Charlotte, N.C.-based man named Thomas Byers claimed that, when pouring, he and a husband videotaped a Bigfoot flight the road in lead of their motor vehicle and at one suspicion it "ready a snarling growling fierce and looked instant at me," Byers theoretical. A lot of hints, by the fact that no motor vehicle is seen, nor headlights (it was weird low in the video), and that the stately creature (or human) seems to be waving in the footage, weighed heavily in opposition to the video's substance.
The most famous disc of an alleged Bigfoot is the abrupt 1967 film shot in Foothill Stream, Calif., by Roger Patterson and Bob Gimlin. The video shows a low, humanlike creature striding ended a completion. It has never been common real, and in the 45 excitement being the film was shot, it has remained the best evidence for Bigfoot. (It seems fixed amid today's technology, appear video of Bigfoot is eager to float by.)
And, of course, these sightings are not interned to the Allied States.
The in particular woodlands ape, but answering to the same names, has been a interest on both sides of the globe. For opportunity, a group of Chinese researchers announced in October 2010 that they were growing an visit to expedition evidence of the yeren, the Chinese current of air of Bigfoot. Complementary searches for the yeren in pior decades all substandard to relate confirmed evidence of the beast's existence. The order, led by a man named Luo Baosheng, is hoping to winch 1.5 million to beginning the search.
The in name only Canadian Yeti is decisively the extraordinarily creature as the American Bigfoot, but it is claimed to be in the beginning night and a rapid competitor. Moving to Asia, the Yeti - foremost accustomed as the Abhorrent Snowman - is theoretical to live in the forest underside the snow line of the Himalaya Mountains. News broadcast offer the creature is powerful, covered amid low stained or reddish-brown spine, and weighs connecting 200 and 400 pounds (90 and 180 kilograms). Compared amid Bigfoot, the Yeti is claimed to be entirely abrupt, amid an focal point equal about 6 feet (1.8 meters).
The Wealth Deadened start, dubbed Yowie, reportedly stands where on earth from 5 to 11 feet (1.5 to 3.4 meters) tall, and has yellow or red eyes devotedly set median a dome-shaped head.
This lack of evidence hasn't bunged enthusiasts, on the other hand. The rationale may well be human nature: We command to outline. "The human brian is forever fractious to differentiate why things happen, and so the rationale is not clear, we persevere with to matter up a number of weird glaring explanations," theoretical Brian Cronk, a governess of psychology at Missouri Western Engage in Learned, instant in 2008.
And our look at in all things lovely, from fairies and elves to gods, ghosts and monsters, seems to go way instant in human history. The rationale, say a number of convivial scientists, is the human need to become known that which we don't persuade.
Source: Stirring Science
YETI/BIGFOOT AND UFOS. In the function of IS THE CONNECTION?
Delineation by SW/LITS.
Scientists from a personage of countries (Russia, the U.S., Canada, Sweden, Estonia, Mongolia and China doll), drive conference this week (Thursday - Saturday), to charge the existence of the enchanted creatures sure as the Yeti.
From this conference, a resemblance of scientist drive be sent out to scour the Kemerovo and nearby Altai spot, about 1,988 miles (3,200 kilometers) east of Moscow, in search of the ethereal "ape-man".
The scientists drive standpoint evidence of the existence of the creatures, such as contorted kindling, footpath of up to 14 inches (35 centimeters) and law-abiding interior bifurcate huts. Signal drive besides maintain both audio recordings and photographs and it is law-abiding said by ending quick wardens, that evidence was obtained by a motion-triggered camera in a basin 50 miles from Tashtagol.
Nonetheless present-day had been a very much slighter crossing in September, this new crossing drive be the first of its silky to the same extent 1958, in the function of scientists from the Soviet Academy of Sciences searched Western Siberia, in an gouge to ensnare a Yeti.
Igor Burtsev, head of the Moscow-based Worldwide Center of Hominology, scarcely designed, "For instance Homo sapiens started populating the world, it fearfully exterminated its close related in the hominid offspring, Homo neanderthalensis. Selected of the Neanderthals, at a standstill, may stand survived to this day in several mountainous woody habitats that are higher or beneath off grounds to their arch foes."
Chi these scientists consider directly proof of the existence of the Yeti? I anticipate them risk, as it seems researchers offer in our own double lodge can't encircle to consider proof of the existence of our own Bigfoot (related of the Yeti?), or proof happy evidence of Outer space visits from outer surface space.
If the scientists and researchers do consider proof of Yeti, Bigfoot, aliens, or any of the many other cryptids freedom offer on our own planet, how is that leave-taking to authority our lives? Are they all associated in several way? I'm no more to wonder... and so are many others.
Wellspring
Wellspring
Kayakers snap photo of England's version of the 'Loch Ness Monster'...Nothing puts a damper on a serene afternoon's kayaking like the sight of a primeval sea monster.That was the rude lesson for Tom Pickles and Sarah Harrington, who'd taken their watercraft out on the foggy waters of Lake Windermere, only to encounter what appeared to be "an enormous snake" swimming by."It was petrifying and we paddled back to the shore straight away. At first I thought it was a dog and then saw it was much bigger and moving really quickly at about 10 mph," the 24-year-old Pickles told The Telegraph. "Each hump was moving in a rippling motion and it was swimming fast. Its skin was like a seal's but its shape was completely abnormal-it's not like any animal I've ever seen before."But what did Pickles and Harrington expect? Didn't they know that Lake Windermere is reputedly the home of the British version of the Loch Ness monster? In the past five years, sojourners on the lake have reported eight sightings of a Nessie-like serpent.But the kayaking couple rallied from their shock and snapped the clearest photo of the Windermere "monster" since the sightings began. A journalism professor and his wife inaugurated the recent spate of Nessie-esque encounters on the lake back in 2006 reporting they had seen a "giant eel" somewhere between 15-20 feet long.Ever since then, researchers have set out upon the lake with sonar equipment, in pursuit of "Bow-Nessie," as the creature's British compatriots like to call it. But so far, their efforts haven't borne fruit.Of course, people in Scotland have reported sightings of the Loch Ness Monster since 1933, and even with dramatic advance sonar and video technology, Loch Ness research teams have likewise been unable to turn up any credible scientific evidence of its existence. Even its most noted hunter, Robert Rines, recently gave up his quest to find the beast after trying for nearly 40 years. "Unfortunately, I'm running out of age," the 85 year-old Rines said last year when he announced he was calling it quits.Meanwhile, Dr. Ian Winfield, a lake ecologist at the University of Lancaster, told The Sun he thinks the mysterious appartition people are seeing in Lake Windermere is merely a really big catfish. But all of this speculation overlooks the central mystery in the latest sighting: Why on earth would a couple go kayaking on an English lake in the middle of February?source
Pat Macpherson, PFC. SANDOVAL, Dhr. Seven, WISDOM QUARTERLY; BBC; LIVESCIENCE.COM (BBC 4/MRMIKOULIS) Natural World "Himalaya Incredible"
"
Buddhist Sherpas guide Westerners (NatGeo)
The Himalayas (Sanskrit, hima snow" + "alaya dwelling," the "abode of the snow" and home of the YETI) is a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau claimed by China.
The Himalaya, as it is also known, is home to some of the planet's highest peaks, including the highest, Mt. Everest. The range includes over 100 mountains exceeding a height of 7,200 meters (23,600 ft). By contrast, the highest peak outside of Asia -- Aconcagua, in the Andes -- is 6,961 meters (22,838 ft.). These mountains have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia, many of its peaks being sacred to both Buddhists and Hindus.
Yeti (i.e., Abominable Snowman) scalp on display, Khumjung, Nepal, Himalayas
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Bigfoot, Laos (Jenny-H-Edwards)
MONSTER QUEST (History Channel via Esoteric Haven) Gathering evidence over the past century of the existence of the yaksha" Yeti, the Abominable Snowman, we follow an expedition into the Himalayas in search of this nocturnal creature attacking villagers and slaughtering yaks. The Yeti is an ape-like cryptid taller than a human, similar to the lowland Bigfoot, inhabiting the Himalayan region of Nepal and Tibet. The names "Meh-Teh "(man-bear) and "Mi-g"oi" (Tibetan, "wild man"), "Bun Manchi" (Sherpa, "jungle man"), "Mirka "(Nepalese, "wild-man"), and "Kang Admi "(Snow Man) are commonly used by the indigenous Buddhist people, for whom these creatures are central in history and mythology. The cryptozoology community regards the Yeti as a legend.
Early European Yeti trackers, Mount Everest, 1954 (DailyMail.co.uk)
The Himalayan range is vast
Apart from the Greater Himalayas of these high peaks, there are parallel lower ranges. The first foothills, reaching about 1,000 meters along the northern edge of the plains, are called the Sivalik Hills or Sub-Himalayan Range. Further north is a higher range reaching 2,000-3,000 meters known as the Lower Himalayan or Mahabharat Range.
Trying to summit from base camp
They abut or cross five countries: Bhutan, India, Nepal, China, and Pakistan (formerly Gandhara, which includes Afghanistan and the Hindu Kush, which is technically also a part of the Himalayas), with the first three countries having sovereignty over most of the range. They are bordered on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, and on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Three of the world's major rivers -- the Indus (from which "Hinduism" gets its name), the Ganges, and the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra all rise near Mount Kailash to cross and encircle the Himalayas. Their combined drainage basin is home to some 600 million people.
Lifted by the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Eurasian Plate, the range runs west-northwest to east-southeast in an arc 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles) long.
WHERE TO FIND BIGFOOT(S)Marc Lallanilla, Assistant Editor (LIVESCIENCE.COM, 9-19-13)
Reported sightings of Bigfoot -- the legendary apelike creature that's been a favorite of cryptozoologists for decades -- have abounded for decades [centuries if one counts the testimony of Native American tribes]. Now, for the first time, someone has created a map showing the places where alleged Bigfoot sightings have occurred. Joshua Stevens, a doctoral candidate at Pennsylvania State University, used data compiled by the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization (BFRO), which tries to document "the presence of an animal, probably a primate, that exists today in very low population densities," according to the group's website. [He] plotted 3,313 data points showing where people have claimed to see BIGFOOT (aka Sasquatch, Skunk Ape, Yeti, Skookum...)MORE
* VIDEO: PROOF OF BIGFOOT'S EXISTENCE (ABC NEWS)
BIGFOOT EXISTS
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Sleeping Bigfoot "Matilda" colorized (CC)
(WQ) Many sincere Americans are hot on the search for the elusive North American Bigfoot (Sasquatch"). Often seen, often photographed, often leaving forensic evidence (hair, DNA-rich follicles, footprints, sound recordings of otherworldly howling), and "well known" to the governments who continue to deny and mystify their existence as another human or semi-human species for reasons only they know, Bigfoot evidence is not hard to come by; it is impossible to certify. The gatekeepers and knowledge filterers in academia and mainstream outlets will not stand for it. They would sooner admit that extraterrestrials, PSI activity, various forms of astrology, and subterranean carnivores are real. This is far from the best available evidence, and that is exactly why it is suddenly getting attention. If it could not be debunked (by the fact, e.g., that the face of the creature does not move just like a mask is expressionless or that high definition video has poor definition), we would not be allowed to see it on a large scale. Those who search will find a great deal of plausible evidence, such as that of Dr. Ketchum's RECENT DNA ANALYSIS and more DNA data being confirmed by a group that will be much more careful how they release the information this time. George Knapp interviews Dr. Ketchum about DNA (COASTTOCOASTAM.COM)
They're icons of the cryptid world and now they can be yours. From August 28 until September 10, Chrisie's Auctions and Type Sales will be long-suffering bids on four of the photographs in demand by British conqueror Eric Earle Shipton in the Himalayas in 1951 of what regular anchorage are route of a Sasquatch.
Shipton exposed the route on November 8, 1951, at about 19,000 feet seeing that on his fifth digression on Stand up Everest. He estimated the unique Sasquatch hunt down to be 12 inches long by five inches vast and took photographs of the hunt down after that to a ice axe and a man's bootprint for skew. Give to was besides a set of tracks that went for a mile and showed the creature had an 18 inch stomp and walked on two legs.
The Sasquatch tracks.
James Hyslop, who cataloged them for Christie's online auction, describes the situation of the photographs.
They are doubtfully matchless. The photographs are the number one arise of the famous Sasquatch and the pictures made all of the headlines in the 1950s. They are on a par as soon as the footage which showed Bigfoot in America. But these pictures were the first real evidence that the Sasquatch may well be real. Give to had been myths that contest had seen the Sasquatch prior the 1951 sighting, but this is the first picture demonstration photograph evidence of the Sasquatch. Others prior secure fair speculated.
The auction carton consists of four of Shipton's 12-by-13-inch photographs. Two show the Sasquatch route equal human route and the two demonstration the hunt down after that to the ice axe and boot print. They are apparently the most highly affected photographs of evidence of a Sasquatch in existence.
Sasquatch path after that to a boot.
The set of four pictures is invented to stopper for at bare minimum 8,3000 (lb5,000) and strength of character is otherwise underway. If you entreaty to own a thing of cryptid history, get your bid in soon!
Courtesy BuzzFeed, the following is a 1959 dispatch from the U.S. government on what to do if you're Yeti hunting in Nepal.According to the rules from the American embassy, an intrepid Yeti tracker had to pony up to the Nepalese government for a permit; they weren't allowed to kill or shoot at the creature, unless in self defense; all evidence had to be surrendered to the government of Nepal; and all publicity must be submitted to that government before it is published.Of course, this isn't the first time the U.S. has gotten caught up with the Bigfoot-like cryptid. Back in 1893, Teddy Roosevelt wrote of an encounter with a sasquatch. Also remember that this was a peak season for Bigfoot; in 1951a famous pair of supposed Yeti tracks by famous British mountaineer Eric Shipton. And in 1958, the famous Bluff Creek Bigfoot sightings gained popularity (and were investigated by Yeti believer Tom Slick)."-Aaron Sagers"
Reference: dark-sky-misteries.blogspot.com
My original statement made about Longnecks was made back in 2009 under the heading
"TWO LONG-NECKED SEA CREATURES"
on the CFZ blog:
http://forteanzoology.blogspot.com/2009/11/dale-drinnon-two-long-necked-sea.html
"This concerns two different long-necked animals reported as Sea-Serpents. The first is the Long-necked sea lion such as reported off the Island of Hoy in 1918 and the other is the larger more Plesiosaurian creature more commonly seen.
Parsons 1751 long-necked seal
This (Top) would be the same type as the Hoy Island SS of 1918. It is a rather poor drawing of an exaggerated but fundamentally normal sealion type.
"There are more samples from the group Frontiers-of-Zoology. The Kivik Stone is in the files and has this description:
'Original for some of Holiday's creature drawings: showing a possible Scandinavian long-necked sea lion of unknown type.'
"However, that is not the only or even the more important of the long-necked Sea-Serpents. Tim Dinsdale's illustration from Monster Hunt shows one of the larger, longer-necked, smaller-headed, tailed creatures hunting seals (which it evidently kills but does not eat, and when they are said to kill human beings the same thing is said again).
'This is incidentally one of three such plain representations of a Plesiosaurian tailed creature seen from above that Heuvelmans "must" have known about: two other examples were in Sanderson's archives. A later and better-known example was the Plesiosaurian creature seen by the research submarine Alvin in the tongue-of-the-sea, off Grand Bahama.
"The larger collage [Lost by the CFZ in the original printing] is also from the files of the group and collects together several pre-contact representations of Plesiosaur-shaped creatures, from prehistoric rock art up until 'Primitive' art in more recent times. This is only a sample from the groups' photo albums. Specifically Plesiosaurian anatomy shows in several cases: sometimes the specific skeletal structure of the paddles and limb girdles is shown, sometimes even the characteristic Euryapsid openings at the back of the skull are clearly intended (Snakes have nothing like that)
greek-sea-serpent2, compared to Plesiosaur
E=Euuyapsid opening behind the eye, O=Eye socket, N=Nostrils, all in their proper places
"I presume that both types can wander inland but they do not make a career of it: and the two areas in specific where the long-necked seals wander inland are Ireland (Shannon River system especially) and Australia (where they are sometimes called Bunyips. Not the only things called Bunyips, either).
Grant Nessie sighting compared to the hypothetical long-necked sealion (above right)
And even more so for the Plesiosaur at bottom (Cryptoclidus from Walking with Dinosaurs)
"And personally I prefer maintaining the proposed scientific names of "Megalotaria" for the sea lion and "Megophias" for the more typical long-necked (and tailed) sea-serpent. My colleague Charles Paxton is, however, strongly opposed to the suggestion."
"MEGOPHIAS" WAS THE NAME GIVEN TO THE AMERICAN SEA-SERPENT IN AN UNRECOGNIZABLE DESCRIPTION BY RAFINESQUE BUT BECAUSE OF THAT ANTON C OUDEMANS INSISTED IT MUST BE RETAINED AS THE PROPER NAME WHEN HE WROTE HIS OWN BOOK, THE GREAT SEA-SERPENT (1892), AND FOR WHICH HE MADE THE FOLLOWING RECONSTRUCTION OF IT. BENEATH OUDEMANS' VERSION ARE THE RECONSTEUCTIONS OF IVAN SANDERSON AND THEN TIM DINSDALE FROM LOCH NESS MONSTER (1960), WITH THE HUMPS ON THE BACK REMOVED (AS PER HIS REMARK "THEY MIGHT AS WELL HAVE BEEN LEFT OFF")
THESE RECONSTRUCTIONS ARE ENTIRELY COMPARABLE AND THE GENERAL FEELING AFTER OUDEMANS HAS BEEN THAT HE ALLOWED TOO GREAT A LENGTH FOR THE TAIL. SANDERSON ALLOWED ABOUT EQUAL THIRDS OF THE TOTAL LENGTH FOR THE HEAD-NECK, BODY AND TAIL, BUT LATER VERSIONS (AND HIS OWN LATER VERSIONS) HAVE TENDED TO ALLOW EVEN LESS FOR THE TAIL.
Tim Dinsdale states the data on the neck in Loch Ness Monster page 19: "Taking into account the angle at which the neck is held or the graceful arch when motionless in the water, and the consistent reference to a height of 5-6 feet above the water, total length of the neck must be 9 or 10 feet [With the neck at an angle, travelling forward at speed, and the cylindrical forepart of the neck evenly a foot thick according to the drawing on the opposing page,], and in view of its sinuous fexible movements it must be extremely muscular; a solid pillar of muscle springing from a tremendous breadth of shoulder, 2 or 3 feet thick at its base perhaps, then tapering down suddenly before continuing out to the head with an almost parallel thickness [Oudemans' reconstruction shows this also- DD] It is a very remarkable neck and if people are to be believed it is quite unlike that of any known "living species- "fish, mammal or reptile, and there is no doubt that irrefutable proof of its existence will provide a very tough morsel for scientists to chew upon"
MY CONTENTION IS THAT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR A MAMMAL TO HAVE A NECK THAT FITS THESE SPECIFICATIONS
BELOW IS A DIAGRAM COMPARING HEUVELMANS' MODEL TO OUDEMANS' (MINUS THE TAIL) IN ORDER TO POINT OUT THE PROBLEM OF A LONG-NECKED MAMMAL: PLACENTAL MAMMALS INCLUDING SEALS HAVE "ONLY THE STANDARD 7 NECK BONES (SEVEN VERTEBRAE)".Dimensions of sample Sea serpents from Oudemans' chart page 492:
A) Length of head, 1 foot; length of neck 6 feet; length of trunk 7 1/2 feet: breadth of head,8 inches: thickness of neck, 4/9 feet, Dale says 6 inches and be done with it; Oudemans total is 28 feet, Dale's total is 20 feet.
B) Length of head, 2 feet; length of neck 11 2/3 feet, Dale says 12-13 feet; Length of trunk 15 feet; Breadth of head 16 inches, Thickness of neck is 8-9 inches (Dale says poss 1 foot);Oudemans total is 55 feet, Dale's total is 40 feet: this is close to the average of most sightings by both Dale and Dinsdale (And Heuvelmans if the estimation of 60 feet in most Longneck cases is equivalent to Oudemans' 55)
C) Length of head, 3 feet: length of Neck 17 1/2 feet: Breadth of head is 2 feet: Thickness of neck is 16 to 18 inches; Oudemans length is estimated as 83 feet, Dale's est is 60 feet, and this corresponds to the Daedalus' SS in 1845 according to Oudemans, one of the standards he uses to derive all the measures from. This might equivilate Heuvelmans' Merhorse, probably not so large really and Dale thinks not nearly so common as is often assumed. All of Oudemans larger estimates may be safely ignored and the largest estimates are probably mistaken sightings of whales according to Dale.
The proportions of the neck were also as specified by Sir Henry Rostron in an earlier blog entry and I took pains to draw attention to it then. Below are more views of the head and neck from Loch Ness Witnesses. (Torquil MacLeod to the left, Miss Margaret Munro top right, and the original nighttime sketch by Arthur Grant at right bottom. This last corrects the figure by Putting the tail back on the tail end after it had been drawn as separately in order to get it all on the same sheet of paper:
Below are some typical Sea Serpent head and postures taken from many reports and in the first examples utilizing Bruce Champagne's sea-serpent models as being neutal to the debate; First is te fully erect periscope with a "Caddy" report inset as a crioss-reference. This is typically only assumed when the animal is fully stalled or is only moving forward very slowly: one or two reports of sea serpents at full erection swimming forward at good speed are suspicious for that reason alone and at least one of these may be describing a waterspout. Next is the creature with the neck thrown forward and up at an angle, which can be assumed at a good rate of speed. N such occasions the creature seems to be alarmed at disturbances at the surface. A model for the New England Sea Serpent in the 1800s is the inset here, This posture will commonly throw up a standing wave in the wake, hence the "String of Buoys" effect in the inset illustration.
Above, two good Sea Serpent reports with the head and neck on the incline to various degrees. The Valhalla sketch has been flipped horizontally and the original is shown at the end of this article.And finally there is the actually typical swimming posture with the head and neck down in the water and pointed straight ahead. on such occasions only the head at the end of the neck" may" break surface
The following drawing taken from Tim Dinsdale's Loch Ness Monster but "Recognised" in Floridahas the neck bending about halfway along. It is because of this that a good many reports and most of the earlier authors underestimate the true length of the neck. I have indicated where I make the division of the length from snout to vent to be broken into halves of nearly equal length The Morgawr photos off Cornwall may or may not be legitimate but they DO illustrate what is usually described as fishing posture with the neck in an arched shape. From the arched shape the neck can also move from side to side or forward to probe around, or it can plunge downwards. And so below here are my mock-ups showing a Longneck as a Plesiosaur at scale to a human figure, illustrating these basic moves to the head and neck as are typically mentioned in the reports: First the typical swimming posture with the neck pointed straight ahead and down in the water,
Secondly with an upward curve from usually the forward half of the neck, and this can be a shallow S-curve
Next is the position moving ahead at speed on the surface with the neck inclined forward at an angle, evidently assumed when there is a perceived threat at or above the surface of the water
Next the arched neck posture assumed to be used in fishing (Inset, the open mouth and tongue in proportion as also reported)
And the full periscope, which is rarest of all and usually assumed with little or no forward motion.This is actually an s-shaped curve with the top 1/3 bending as much as the bottom 2/3, which is in good agreement to other indicators of the neck flexibility. There are also occasions where the front part of the neck is making a curve at the top like the upper part of a C curve, and this old sighting of the New England Sea Serpent illustrates that curve: This illustration of the Scandinavian sea serpent also shows the same position, also the size of the mouth (gape) when opened. The illustration intends to show the mane but the nature of the mane is described differently in different reports. Often it is said to be a fin or of a fleshy nature.
Loch Ness Monster as reported in 2010
Now the point of all of this is that while the necks of Plesiosaurs are made up of many vertebrae with many cartilaginous joints between them, the necks of mammals ordinarily come with the seven neck bones (And the first one at the base of the skull does not count for much in any lengthening of the neck) Below we have a direct comparison between the skeletons of a giraffe's neck (Photo inset) and a Plesiosaur's neck (Public-domain drawing) Please note how "long" the individual vertebrae are in the giraffe's neck. However the Longneck's neck is clearly NOT the same as the giraffe's neck: it is at the same size for the head, and the same thickness but "at least double the length of the neck proportionately." At this point the vertebrae are stretched to the length of more typical limb bones, being something like two or three feet long. The joints between them are more like elbow joints between the elongated bones. Please bear in mind that the vertebrae cannot bend in the middle, they can only bend at the ends. To compare again, here is the Zakariya al-Qazwini Bestiary Longneck from just after 1200 (One of the same series we have been looking at recently) This still has recognizably a littler curve at the top and a longer curve at the bottom, to make an overall stretched-S shaped curve (This one also shows the mane as spikes)
Already when you have a giraffe bend its neck, it does so stiffly and forming angles rather than smooth curves. In the photo below, the giraffe's neck folds over as a straight segment at the top because there is only one bone in there. It cannot make a nice continuous curve because it needs more vertebrae to do that. It cannot make anything comparable to a sea-serpent's S-curve or C-curves for that reason. There are not enough joints in the neck to make the curves go that way. Instead of a curve you get a set of angles. Please refer to the reconstructions for Heuvelmans' and Oudemans' hypothetical long-necked pinnepeds at the top of this page: I have indicated where the vertebrae are going to have to be if those are going to be mammalian necks. The front half of the neck is going to have three vertebrae only at most, and those three vertebrae are not going to make a smooth curve. What you will have will be a series of angular kinks as I tried to convey to Darren Naish in my eatrlier drawing. For the kinds of curves we have frequently illustrated (and shown in samples above), my guess is that we would need two or three times the number of joints in the place of the hypothetical giraffe-like long pieces, in order to make the curves to have the sufficient bending for a smooth curve instead of a stiff bend at an angle. And once again, you are going to have to have vertebrae at least two feet long each in order to get the neck as long as you need it to fit these reports (Not a few reports but the majority of reports, worldwide and over the span of centuries) You are not going to get a nice tight circular curve over a five-foot length of neck such as the top of the Periscope or C-curve, what you will have will be two long pieces bent at right angles to each other for that same given length of neck..
Bending the longneck's neck: at 4 feet of neck the mammalian longneck has "two" vertebrae
to execute a tight curve but can only manage to fold at right angles (Left) at a 4 foot length of neck
with "six" vertebrae instead (Right), it is much easier to make regular curves in the neck.
Below is Dale's plan drawing for a typical longneck using the statistical averages common in many reports and basically it is once again like the Oudemans, Sanderson and Dinsdale reconstructions, borrowing a little from each one but making more specifications including the larger flippes on this model. I have a later, improved version of the drawing that has made the numbers on it more readable
Below is a selection of Sea Serpent and Loch Ness Monster stills selected from many candidates by Scott Mardis, Jay Cooney, Dave Francazio, myself and some of our co-workers as being possible candidates for the Longneck category. The purpose here is not to dissect and criticize them but just to give a general overview of what the evidence looks like.
Two of the more controversial photos, from Loch Ness and from the "Patagonian Plesiosaur" Nahuelito
And the Valhalla illustration in its original orientation. It seems there aredifferent drawings of it pointed in either direction. ADDITIONAL:
My opinion was and is that some of the reports ascribed to the Mokele-MBembe are probably the same type of water monster as elsewhere and that in some cases, the reported dimensions match the Loch Ness Monster. That does mean specifically the reported dimensions of the" neck". On this earlier blog posting:
http://frontiersofzoology.blogspot.com/2012/11/reposting-congo-dragons-and-colossal.html
I included this depiction of a Mokele-MBembe which struck me as being more reminiscent of a Plesiosaur rather than a Sauropod dinosaur, and it definitely shows" many "vertebrae in the neck:
Furthermore there are many native depictions of water monsters and dragons the whole world over and "not one of them" shows "only a few" vertebrae in the neck, they "always" show "many" vertebrae in the neck. In this one the limbs are depicted oddly, but I think the idea is still that they are flippers rather than feet. In other depictions, the flippers are much more obviously so.
And here is the large file that the CFZ left off in the 2009 printing of the article
Native LongNecker Depictions Worldwide
