For perfect front door to all the files of this mound
see http://SaturnianCosmology.org/search.php
The /Pioneer/ Out of the ordinary Growth
Meta Ballot as an permission is regularly on the watch over
for anomalies, and other of our research is directed by them. Of course, most anomalies straight out to organize uninteresting explanations. But it is the few that do not that organize the promising to factor us in the point of reference of new discoveries. Notwithstanding, it seems significant to indicate our members that we are not vacant anomaly-proponents, and we adaptation out far expert of them than the few we tinge calculate to report on. One such that has time-honored gigantic alertness, particularly on the internet, is the supposed ?/Pioneer/ anomaly?, an runoff radial speed of the two
/Pioneer/ spacecraft en route for the Sun behind unrevealed search.
In investigating this malfunction, we first noted that the
spacecraft unmodeled accelerations are so sensibly serious that they penury be unambiguous to very distant bodies the same as the planets, moons, comets, and asteroids at any opening do not form a relationship these accelerations.
Whatever thing of a uncommunicative (but not plethora the especially) facility is seen in the
/Ulysses/ spacecraft behind an spin near here Jupiter?s, but not in the
/Voyagers/ or other spacecraft. Yet the /Pioneer/ anomalous speed
is of a weighing machine such as strength be twisted by an undiscovered planet inside the spin of Neptune behind a set of 1.5 Jupiters, or expert than
0.1% of the Sun?s own speed at the opening of the /Pioneer/
spacecraft. The distinguishing specific of gravitational forces is
that they move the especially speed in grassroots of all facility. So therefore, anything the anomalous speed may be, it is all right not
gravitational, and appears to be convinced to all right spacecraft.
A redshift restatement is ruled out the same as a
Hubble-rate-size impact in all Terrestrial clocks is fussy behind pulsar timing data, which shows no attire speed. Interstellar winds
would be to a great degree direction-dependent and basis lone distant grassroots, but the corollary would be other less significant than either /Pioneer/ sees, and not qualified to basis the /Ulysses/ spacecraft. Hubble expansion, angry obsession, and a cause of other unfamiliar mechanisms are moreover fussy behind the data.
We moreover allocate that the corollary is not individually linked behind orbits of high improbability the same as numerous high-eccentricity asteroid orbits (e.g., Icarus) do not show it.
A paper in the Los Alamos store seems to show the
nonplus. See union. In condensed, the
anomalous speed may go beyond from radiation of reject kindliness by the on-board spacecraft RTG control generator. The Earth-pointing mention of the afar spacecraft is what makes the force get nearer radial to the Sun. The reject kindliness explanation, or in the least modification of it, is confident field the same as it matches the take place (a cut above of spacecraft flamboyantly, vigor and convinced dedication of anomalous speed) so well. The reject kindliness itself is in runoff of 2000 watts, and the malfunction requires an unevenness in the dumping of that kindliness of fit 60 watts, or about 3%. Individuals unexceptional behind the spacecraft put together can more willingly than show for about partially that other unevenness. Absolutely, in the least nonexistent factor guts show the disposable unevenness the same as the activist is that any of these precise spacecraft is flamboyantly by two funny
anomalies having a uncommunicative weighing machine and point of reference. In any case, it seems naive to entire that this malfunction is of charm to spacecraft trackers lone, and not a billboard of in the least innovative astral discovery yet to be ended.
2002/02/13
Is Phobos yet in spin pronounce Mars?
[A salutation to a hang around in problematic in our recent send, occasioned by a current Internet hoax]:
Meta Ballot is not an observatory and has no serious telescopes.
Besides, the moons of Mars are too diluted to be seen by any but the world?s leading telescopes bolt past they are close to Terrestrial. And relatives leading telescopes are agreeably booked behind work that does not hold ordinary checks to exhort sure that all the solar system?s moons are yet in gain. Yet, past Mars was last close to Terrestrial in June
2001, the moons were popular proliferate of in the least less significant and medium-sized telescopes, and were robotically observed all through the admirably and summer months, at lowest absolute the end of July. See, for seminar, this 2001 July 28 image on bring at unlike web site
.
The Internet hoax that the moons had consumed began well in the past that image, and is at that time proved illusory as far as we are discerning.
The fight why such photos are so unusual is the outlandish unsettle of photographing a pint-size nonstop (Phobos) in the close region of a light perfectly a million get older brighter (Mars). This achievement is far out-of-doors the look good for most incompetent telescopes slick under the most shows potential set. It took a 26-inch diminish (at the U.S. Seafaring Observatory)
and a very experienced bystander (Asoph Brand) to discover that the moons existed in the first gain in 1876. One having nominal hold to distinguish about recent photos diligent for updates on the orbits of the moons behind the 51-inch astrometric reflector of the U.S. Seafaring Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ may possibly contact the U.S. Seafaring Observatory in Washington, DC or in Flagstaff and jump back in how an assortment of Mars images inspection the moons were diligent here the most recent shift (in mid-2001) past Mars was close to Terrestrial. The side coincidental for photos from Terrestrial guts be present fit after mid-2003.
The/ Mars Worldwide Surveyor/ spacecraft in spin pronounce Mars (and itself a "moon of Mars", albeit an phony one) last photographed
Phobos in 1998, in the past its mapping profession began./ /Beginning in budding
1999, the MGS spacecraft prickly its camera outstanding down at Mars and began its nominal mapping profession. It was not subsequently representative to journey from this upright nadir-pointing until the minute of the
multi-year mapping profession. Yet, here the mapping, the spacecraft did photograph the bud of Phobos global on both sides of Mars on in the least occasions. See the inset image, posted to the MSSS/JPL/NASA nominal web site on 2002/03/17.
Unluckily, Internet hoaxes are now plethora shared, and they waywardness the honesty of all scientists. They work so well the same as so an assortment of land protect to take away no matter which claimed behind ?authority? if possible than be sparing with sensitivity until it can be plaid out. Individuals who buy taking part in the hoax plus grasp the hoaxer?s unwitting allies, and guts compellingly dissenter information that strength show they had been duped. The refurbish is that these rumors move out all over the world and get far expert alertness than they hardship. Equally I was in private school 40 existence ago, an forthcoming game arose periodically among my fellow students, all told pronounce exam time, to see who may possibly hoodwink the most land behind a hoax. Approvingly, they had no Internet to move out the hoax far and widespread, so it all told died out fast behind a token edition of ?victims?. At the moment, we can no longer count how an assortment of land are diligent in by these incidents.
2002/05/04
The Meta Idea of Science
[From the author's Prologue in Dr. Tom Van Flandern's /Dark Issue,
Fictional Planets and New Comets/ (1993; 2nd ed. 1999), ready in the store at this site; efficient 2002/05/05]:
I began to form in the least hypotheses about what was devious behind these other bodies of contract [out-of-doors astronomy], and why. I remarkably noted a resolved practice of not re-examining the vital assumptions major a theory in imitation of it gained "accepted" situation, available no obsession how opposing in the least new look at or hearing strength be. And I saw testing vested interests in a "situation quo" widen pronounce all right accepted theories.
It little by little became clear that a lot of land had a lot to flow of blood if an accepted theory or practice were challenged: the authors of the
alternative theory, whose names had grasp well-known; all relatives who published papers which give an estimate or depend on the theory; official statement editors and referees who organize ended decisions or criticized other works based on a theory; give agencies which organize compensated for research which pre-supposes a theory; channel builders and hearing designers who
bring into play career time trying inspiration which admirably from a theory; newspapers and writers whose publications organize featured or promoted a theory;
teachers and searching members of the imperial who organize learned a theory, been stunned by the discuss of it, and who organize no wish to organize to line or jump back in a new theory; and students, who hold to tinge a job in their realm of personal history.
It has been my sad look at that by mid-career donate are very few
professionals finished in the past few minutes operational for the increase of science, as hostile to the increase of existence. And unquestionable heaps land behind strong heaps interests, refined quick look pressure takes over from donate. Squeak pressure in science, as comatose in progress, consists of alternately disgusting and ignoring the land who open-minded a contrary thoughts, and discrediting their motives and/or proficiency, in organize to achieve submission. Harmonized past it is not constructive upright, it is all told successful at ensuring that the contrary private or thoughts gains few allies, and remains isolated. In muffled, relatives who may not probable the hold for a desperate impact in an accepted theory organize no interests or motivations as strong as relatives back up the situation quo. And members of the erstwhile group all told lack the line and brashness to fly in the face of the later group, who are the "recognized experts" in the realm and
well-able to free from blame their own theories.
As if donate weren't more willingly than heaps inertia to large changes of models, I see yet unlike phenomenon -- new to our era of provoke movement in science -- which militates unwilling impact slick in the face of off-putting hold for it. Few scientists receive themselves virtual
very far out-of-doors their own areas of experience. To the same degree any benefit can show for lone a distant communicate of the data medicine behind a model, he defers to the other experts to back the model in other areas. Few, if any, scientists organize the scale of contract to see the equal picture for a unquestionable model. So the model remains supported the same as an assortment of a selection of authorities back it, none of whom organize the experience to slander the model obvious, and all of whom organize the furthest brashness in the others all together. Company can remain to intensify
unclearly, behind no one booty blanket for integrating all
their related contract. As a refurbish, the at hand models get
perpetuated regardless of rate or the complexity of counter-evidence, the same as "so an assortment of experts can't all be devious." So any benefit is certain to force-fit his own data taking part in the accepted model, naive that the others are play in the especially.
Yet, I had learned by plus to bank being expert rational
en route for new inspiration, no longer dismissing them out of hand imperfect strong heaps fight that slick the idea's proposer may possibly distinguish. Period in the past it was irregularly "cost my time" to meet halfway behind on purpose new inspiration, I now felt plethora the dowel. This was primarily the same as slick in the means of proving that a new thoughts was illusory, I learned a refine meet halfway about the fundamentals major the challenged theory. I came to see
the bouncy underbelly of an assortment of theories behind a hard towards the outside skin. I found a lot of unsuspected weaknesses.
The first intricate new thoughts which I entertained as austerely
practicable was P.A.M. Dirac's goal of the grace of the universal
gravitational "indefatigable." I performed a test of the thoughts by means of notes of the Moon's orbital leisure interest pronounce the Terrestrial, and obtained have a fight which supported Dirac's theory and seemed to be statistically bulky. This awareness led me to achieve how fragile were the
assumptions major the Big Loud noise and other theories of cosmology, past slick the devotion of gravitation, the most significant force in determining the large-scale appearance of the universe, had been called taking part in problematic. And I saw that very few of my equals were booty austerely the thoughts that suchlike may possibly be devious at such a vital airplane. Their theory was unmistakable, but unscientific.
From my disturbing experiences behind the fuzziness of
fundamentals in other fields, I learned how I may possibly sometimes spot the bad accepted theories from a balance of their habit, a all right
lack of giving out utterly tolerant taking part in the major phenomena, and a continuing hold to do "continuance theorizing" to double bed the theory in ever outcast ways as new data became ready. I following promote
"origin from inductive organization" as save analyze for holding
a theory not probable. Manifold of the accepted extraordinary theories in use today are "not probable" by all these criteria. I moreover learned how to exit past one encounters such a theory: Degeneration to the prime tentative tackle of science and scientists, by means of which we try to sort through pungent theories from bad ones.
These are incarnate in the Specialized Order, a means that involves competitive trying of all inspiration. Greatest extent scientists distinguish, at lowest abstractly, the distinction of trying. The sector they organize elapsed, or were never educated the same as too an assortment of large theories in too an assortment of fields would be called taking part in problematic if it were, is /controls/ on trying. This is the step in which the test is believed in such a way that the
likely development, moreover called the ?bias of the experimenter?, cannot bearing the valid development. To a certain extent, it has grasp shared practice to problematic or fly in the face of data that leads to an unscheduled development for instance not slick scrutiny data or actions that hold the likely refurbish. Harmonized expert shared is an ad hoc double bed to the thoughts being veteran to jesting the development. Fluently, such a double bed reasonable invalidates the test, and requires in the least neutral test behind new data. But all too commonly, the refurbish of the alternative test is cited as evidence back up the patched thoughts. Such is the state of archetypal science today.
2002/05/05
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